In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this pa More
In the recent years, integrations of renewable energy sources as well as plug-in electric vehicles are increased in the AC microgrid. Also, demand side management can be used to manage peak load in order to improve optimal performance of AC microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes optimal operation of AC microgrid in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles under demand side management. The proposed model describes optimal operation of microgrid including the exchange power with the upstream grid, the production of DG units including wind turbines, battery storage, diesel generators, charging and discharging of electric vehicles and the manner of participation of large industrial consumers and aggregators of small consumers in demand side management that minimize the operation cost of microgrid. The proposed formulation is considered the mathematical model of various energy sources in a microgrid and the AC load flow constraints and the bus voltage and feeder current limitations has been considered.In the proposed model, charge and discharge management of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management are simultaneously proposed to reduce operation cost of AC microgrid subject to technical and economic constraints. A 33-bus microgrid is used as test system in order to investigate effects of plug-in electric vehicles and demand side management on optimal operation of AC microgrid. The proposed model is formulated via mixed-integer non-linear programming which is solved using CPLEX solver under GAMS optimization software.
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Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In More
Integrating renewable resources to provide local load has created a concept called microgrid. With the widespread introduction of microgrids, energy management and system utilization and resources in the electricity market are important tasks of microgrid management. In this paper, the problem of microgrid utilization is modeled taking into account economic, technical and uncertainties related to power consumption, wind speed and solar radiation in electricity market conditions. One of the most important issues in the electricity market is the discussion of the participation of units in real price conditions. In this paper, a framework for the exploitation of electricity and the consumption of controllable loads through integrated utilization of distributed energy sources of uncertainty is presented from a consumer perspective. The optimization problem is a two-step stochastic linear programming that minimized the cost of microgrid operation and expected cost of consumers considering the consumer’s requirement for controllable loads in the desire time interval and distribution company constraints that solved by using Salp swarm optimization algorithm. RBT and IBR tariffs are employed for modeling retail power market for better reflection of wholesale price volatility and avoid of the concurrent use of consumers. In this method price announced to the consumers by retailers only is limited specific later hours instead of the entire operation period. In this condition any timing of controllable loads need to price forecasting, while this forecasting have some uncertainties. These uncertainties are modeled using Monte Carlo method for stochastic price variable scenario generation. MATLAB software is employed for simulation and verification of the proposed method.
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